Abstract

If we take into account only quasi-bicentennial variations of TSI the resulting increments in the planetary temperature are small (~0.3 K); however, they are extremely important as a triggering mechanism of subsequent multiple feedback effects, which cause a significant change in the magnitude of the Earth's Bond albedo, the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and the width of the transparency window. The direct effect of the quasi-bicentennial variations of the TSI accounts for about 25-30% of the observed change in the planetary temperature, and the remaining of the temperature change are determined by multiple influences secondary feedback effects. Since ~1990, the Sun has been in the declining phase of the quasi-bicentennial variation in TSI. The observed proportional decrease in the average annual TSI portion absorbed by the Earth since ~1990 has not been compensated by a decrease in the average annual energy radiated into space due to the thermal inertia of the oceans. The Earth radiates more energy back to space than it absorbs. As a result, the Earth has, and will continue to have, a negative average annual energy balance. Such gradual loss in the total amount of the solar energy accumulated by the oceans during the twentieth century has resulted in the beginning of a new Little Ice Age after the maximum phase of solar cycle 24. The warming phase ended in the 2016. The start of the solar Grand minimum is anticipated in the solar cycle 27+1 in 2043+11 and the beginning of the phase of deep cooling in the new Little Ice Age in 2060+11. The Sun defines of the climate both of the Earth and other planets since long-term changes in the Sun's energy output can account for almost all the observed of the simultaneous warmings on planets of the Solar system.

Biography

Abdussamatov Habibullo Ismailovich: born October 27, 1940 in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union (now Uzbekistan). Education: Samarkand State University (1962), faculty of physics and mathematics; graduate courses in Leningrad State University (1965-1967), faculty of mathematics and mechanics; postgraduate course in Pulkovo Observatory (1966-1969). Works in Pulkovo Observatory since 1964: researcher trainee (1964-1966), postgraduate (1966-1969), junior researcher (1969-1982), senior researcher (1982-1999), leading researcher (1999-2004), head of the Space Research Sector (2004-2006), head of the Space Research laboratory (2006-2010). At the present time - head of the Space Research Sector of the Sun at Pulkovo Observatory (since 2010) and the head of the Lunar Optical Observatory project. He is an expert in the area of solar physics and of the solar-terrestrial physics as well as the climate. He is independent scientist on natural climate change issues. He is featured on page 140 of the 2009 U.S. Senate Report of More Than 700 Dissenting Scientists Over Man-Made Global Warming. The European Scientific-Industrial Chamber in 2013 presented him with a gold medal for exceptional achievements (No. 0188).He is the author of some180 scientific publications, including four scientific monographs, and seven scientific patents.

Abstract

In this study, we performed the production of bioplastic from corn starch by condensation polymerization. We used a natural intensifier such as glycerin to make the corn starch into a bioplastic material. Bioplastic and its nanocomposites via carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME), TiO2 and nanoclay were synthesized to study its application in package industry. FTIR-ATR, TGA-DTA, SEM-EDX and mechanical analysis were taken to characterize the bioplastic based nanocomposites. We used different amounts of addition of CFME (0.2%, 0.5% and 1%), TiO2 (1%, 3% and 5%) and nanoclay (1%, 3% and 5%) to obtain the optimum condition for the bioplastic material. We obtained the better results for bioplastic/CFME nanocomposite addition of 1%, bioplastic / TiO2 and bioplastic / nanoclay nanocomposites addition of 5% in the composite material. Based on the literature that can be used in packaging industry without harming the environment, this is our main objective.

Biography

Murat ATES received the BSc degree in Chemsitry Ed. from Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, in 1997. The MSc degree from Chemsitry department of Istanbul Technical Uni., Istanbul, Turkey. PhD in Electroactive Polymers from the Istanbul Technical University, Polymer Science and Technology in 2007. He is Full Professor at the Chemistry Department of Namık Kemal University, also he was a postdoc in Univ. of California Los Angeles for 8 months period with Prof.Dr. Richard B. Kaner. His research interests include electrochemical polymerization, conducting polymers, supercapacitors, corrosion and biosensor applicartions.

Abstract

The aim of presentation consist of biofuel, bioenergy, industries, life, poverty and hunger were studies and reported that Biofuels and Bioenergy are the major industries for the basic need of life, reduce financial crises, poverty and hunger in the world.The role of biofuels and bioenergy is major source of bioenergy and can be produced from plant, plant derived materials, renewable in nature, derived from biomass and used directly for heating known as biomass fuels.Biofuels can be broadly defined as solid, liquid, or gas fuel consisting of or derived from biomass. Biomass is a biological materials derived from living organism including plants and animals, known as agricultural biomass. As per report in Pakistan, a single cow is sufficient to provide a whole family with their milk and energy needs as biogas generated from the dung of cow. This is not only the cheapest source of energy but also an important alternative to replace the costly item like furnace oil, coal, natural gas used for non-renewable energy. In view of the importance of bioenergy, the developing counties are still facing energy crises due to dense population and highly dependence on non-renewable energy although a great potential of bioenergy are available. Keeping in view the above study, it is proposed that Biofuels and Bioenergy are the major industries for the basic need of life, reduce financial crises, poverty and hunger in the world.

Biography

Muhammad Usman, Former Director General of Agricultural Research System, Government of Pakistan who retired from service after a spotless career of about 35 years with senior level experience on research and development of integrated agricultural production particularly Biofuel and Bioenergy on a sustainable way. Mr. Usman is consider as the senior most scientist in the world, always participated in the international conferences. Mr. Usmanhas established "Prominent Agro Based Industries SDN BHD", "Agro Based Industries and Consultancy SDN BHD" in Malaysia and "Foundation for Rural Development in Pakistan", with primarily aims to work on integrated agricultural project for Rural Development through improvement in agriculture and consultancy services to the formers at Malaysia.

Abstract

Nowadays, as energy consumption increases with great acceleration, there is a growing need for more energy sources and more efficient use of existing resources.After intensive studies on sorbents based different materials for preconcentration and removing of toxic metals, use of the adsorbents having high adsorption capacity for uranium enrichment is a good approach. Particularly, the modified biowastes arecandidate for these purposes due to their cheap and environmentally friendly. In this work, the activated carbon obtained fromchemically-modified biowastes including walnut and peanut shells were studied to be prepared biosorbent. The obtained biosorbents were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and BET methods. The characterized adsorbent was used for enrichment of uranium. The optimization of conditions was performed using parameters such as pH, contact time and final volume of elution. The measurements were carried out byinductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The other results will be presented in conference.

Biography

Mehmet Yaman has completed his Ph.D. in 1990 from the University of Inonu-Turkey. Professor Yaman supervised and assisted more than thirty students 11 Ph.D. and 22M.Sc..Professor Yaman has over 120 publications that have been cited over 2000 times, and his publication H-index is 29 and has been serving as an editorial board member of reputed Journals (more than 10 journals.)He is an invited speaker on international lectures and has given more than 130 talks for national and international conferences. He has managed two national and two international conferences.

Abstract

Anthropogenic and industrial activities have led to a rapid rise in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations leading to increased global warming. A new approach that has emerged in recent years is that of microbial electrosynthesis (MES), which relies on chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that can uptake electrons from the cathode of an electrochemical cell to catalyze the reduction of CO2 into fuels or value-added chemicals. Gas-liquid mass transfer is one of the limiting factors in MES, mainly because of the low solubility of gaseous CO2 in solution. To overcome this limitation, we developed dual-function electro-catalytic and macroporous hollow-fiber (CCPHF) cathodes that act as an electron donor for chemolithoautotrophs as well as a diffusive material to facilitate direct delivery of CO2 gas to chemolithoautotrophs through the pores in the hollow fibers. Using the CCPHF cathode we observed a Faradic efficiency of 77% for the production of CH4 from CO2 through hydrogenotrophic methanogens when CO2 was delivered directly through the pores of the CCPHF cathode, compared to 3% when gaseous CO2 was bubbled into the solution. We also successfully demonstrated that the rates of product formation can be enhanced by using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which increases CO2 adsorption capability and enhances microbe-electrode interactions. Modification of the CCPHF cathodes with CNTs resulted in 70% increase in acetate production rate from CO2 in MES using the homoacetogenic bacterium Sporomusa ovata. The high specific surface area of the CCPHF cathode maximizes the diffusion of CO2 gas, and the high surface-area-to-volume ratio of the CCPHF cathode architecture solves the issue of cathode packing density for large-scale applications.

Biography

Pascal Saikaly received his B.S. in Biology (1997) and M.S. in Environmental Technology (2001) from the American University of Beirut (AUB). Then he received his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 2005 and continued his training as a postdoc at North Carolina State University until 2007. He joined King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in 2010 coming from AUB, where he was an Assistant Professor since 2008. He is currently an Associate Professor at KAUST. His research interests include microbial electrochemical systems, membrane bioreactors, electro-microbiology, and advanced materials for water and energy applications. Professor Saikaly has more than 74 refereed journal articles in the field's top journals, and over 100 conference presentations and papers.

Abstract

The cost of biodiesel production as a renewable source is always an obstacle in industry. In order to overcome this problem, another renewable source, solar collector can be used and conversion reaction of biofuels would be optimized. Among effective parameters, 3 more significant factors, which include catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and time, were varied according to a central composite design. The conversion and the commercial cost of production were used as important responses. In order to reduce fossil energy consumption for electric power as a main part of the cost, the solar collector was used to provide heat. The results based on response surface method showed that the best conditions for producing biodiesel in the constant molar ratio of 1:6 oil:methanol were the temperature of 60 oC, NaOH concentration of 0.3% wt/wt and reaction time of 60 min. In these optimum conditions, the yield of methyl ester and the cost of production for one-liter biodiesel were 78.6% and 0.706$, respectively. Also, some chemical and physical properties of biodiesel were compared with those of petro-diesel fuel and biodiesel production without solar collector has been done for achieving price differences.

Biography

Ali Reza Zaheid was born in Tehran, Iran in 1981. He is currently an associate professor in the department of new technologies (energy systems group) at Iran University of Science and Technology. He received his Ph.D degree in Chemical Engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology in 2012. Dr. Zahedi has 15 years of experience as expert in the Iranian petrochemical/oil industry sector as well. His area of expertise and interest includes: the design and production of renewable-based microgrid systems e.g. solar/biodiesel, solar/desalination, wind/fuel cell, solar/gheothermal and so forth.

Abstract

Here, results from a comprehensive research with the objective of using biomass and fossil fuels in the form of hybrid fuel briquette, are presented. This is a novel approach aiming at obtaining an environmentally sound, sustainable energy resource alternative that is available for extensive utilization, through rehabilitating the negative sides of both source types with the positive sides of one another. As the biomass, olive pomace is selected based on its high calorific value, low sulfur and ash contents. Besides, olive pomace is an abundant biomass in many Meditterenean countries. Collective use of olive pomace and lignite in hybrid briquette form is anticipated to reduce the negative sides of lignite utilization alone while eliminating the adverse environmental impacts due to accumulation of pomace as waste. In this respect, as a first phase, biomass-fossil fuel blends that consist of varying proportions of olive pomace (10 - 50% by weight) and lignite were prepared and subjected to detailed thermal characterization. Results showed that pomace-lignite blends possess better fuel characteristics over lignite alone, such as reduced ash, lower sulphur content. Also, collective use of pomace and lignite yields a blend with improved thermal behavior and effectiveness. It should be noted that lignite in this blend also contributes towards obtaining a hybrid resource with improved fuel characteristics: Olive pomace alone shows a low liability towards combustion, as revealed by reaction kinetics studies. Collective use of lignite and olive pomace, however results in improved reaction liability: Hybrid fuel blend has significantly higher combustion liability compared to olive pomace alone. Overall, hybrid use of olive pomace and lignite is an outstanding approach that improves the negative sides of both fuel types: Favorable effects of pomace on the hybrid fuel characteristics is notable, while presence of lignite rehabilitates the low-liability of olive pomace towards combustion

Biography

Altun completed his PhD in 2006 at Middle East Technical Univ. (METU), Mining Eng. Dept. He worked as a Research Scholar at Michigan Technological Univ., Institute of Materials Processing, USA in 2004-2005. He had his postdoctoral studies at University of British Columbia, Mining Eng. Dept. in 2007-2009. He is now a Professor at METU, Mining Eng. Dept. He gave short-courses on different aspects of Mineral Processing, Energy Efficiency in Mining and Mineral Processing, Alternative Energy Sources and Biofuels, Industrial Symbiosis and ZeroWaste Production, in several academic institutions including University of Science and Technology Beijing, China, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. Dr. Altun published more than 70 papers in reputed journals and conferences and has been serving as an editorial board member at PPMP and IJOGCT journals.

Abstract

In this Paper we will be consider the Modern Information Technology in petrochemistry, computer technologies, the view modern software in petrochemistry. At present we have many new information technologies, programs for solving technical tasks in petrochemistry, transport, trade, education, social and cultural life. We will be consider the computer programs in petrochemistry, in oil and gaz technologies, and mathematical method of solving problems in petrochemistry. We will be represent the good experience of foreign scientists from Europe, USA, Canada, Russia, and other countries. May be in future we will be write the book together this scientists in the field of information technology in petrochemistry. In future we plan to design the Base Date of Methods information technologies for solving tasks in petrochemistry.

Biography

Zhangisina Gulnur Davletzhanovna is Vice-president of the International Academy of Informatization from 24 November 2016 year. She is candidate of engineering sciences, doctor of pedagogic sciences, professor, honorary educationalist of the Republic of Kazakhstan, academician of the International Academy of Informatization, winner of the State grant The best university teacher (2005) and State scientific scholarship for scientist and specialists, who made a major contribution to the development of science and engineering (2006-2008), the holder of Gold Medal European Quality(2014 y.), Honored Worker of Science and Education of Russia, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Academician of the International Academy of Informatization. Zhangissina G.D. -author of 5 monographs, over 20 learning aids and more than 400 scientific publications. She is listed in data base of leading scientists and teachers of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (July, 2005 y.). Zhangisina G.D. has over 100 publications in Europe (Germany, Bulgaria, Poland, CzechRepublic, Spane), in Turkey, USA, India, Canada and CIS countries (Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan). Under the guidance of Zhangisina G.D. three postgraduate students has successfully defended their theses, one of them took degree of doctor of engineering sciences and two of them took the degree of candidate of engineering sciences (specialty 05.13.15 - Computing machines and systems). She was also a scientific adviser of 5 magistracy students, who have successfully defended their theses and took their master's degrees on specialty 6М070400 - Computer science and software engineering and 1 Magister get 2- nd degree in information security in St. Petersburg, Institute of mechanics, optics and information technology (2014 y.). In 1992 Zhangisina G.D. she graduated from postgraduate course of Moscow energy university on specialty 05.13.13 - Computing machines, complexes, systems and networks. She is a specialist in the field of parallel computing and informatization of education. Results of her research work were implemented in the leading universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan and Germany. She has 2 Patents (2016&2017 years); Author Certificates; she was the Member of Organization Committee in the World Congress "Petrochemistry 2017"; International Conference in Russia (Miscow, Simferopol) in 2016-2017 years; in Ukraine-Kiev (2013).

Abstract

Along with the increasing world population and developing technology, the need for energy of mankind also increases. Energy resources are not evenly distributed throughout the world. Some countries are very wealthy in terms of these resources, while others have few resources to be destroyed. At this point, countries holding energy resources are more advantageous and have a say in international politics. One of the most important of environmental fuel technologies is the development of biomass fuels. In this study, biodiesel combustion in biodiesel engines, parameters affecting combustion, emission formation, effects of burning fuel properties, combustion-injection and atomization models are investigated.Different biodiesel modeling in diesel engines have been studied separately in the literature study. The studies investigated were classified in terms of biodiesel combustion and emission after cold flow.

Biography

Abstract

The use of biogas as an alternative energy source, continues to be a quest to meet the energy needs of man, thanks to high concentrations of methane (CH4(g)) (40% - 70%) that usually occurs. Impurities in the gas, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S(g)) and carbon (CO2(g)) emissions, represent an obstacle to its use, due to the damage caused to human health, materials construction and the environment. H2S(g) removal with the use of natural zeolite membranes is a method showing satisfactory results on a laboratory scale. That is why the objective of this work is the use of natural zeolite membranes, which may decrease the content of H2S(g) in the biogas, to values lower than 0.1%. During research the structural and functional characterization of the membranes were performed. The results of the experiment design say, that both the mass of ZnO(s), as the diameter of the charcoal particles, significantly influence in the biogas purification. The percentage values achieved in the removal of H2S(g) to the natural zeolite membrane of 3-99%.

Biography

Lianys Ortega Viera is a teacher in the Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technological University of Havana "Jose Antonio Echeverria", Havana, Cuba. Since 2015, she has edited 4 volumes below, published by Academic Press: Ingenieria Hidraulica y Ambiental (2015 and 2016), Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio (2016) and Revista Mexicana de Ingenieria Quimica (2017). She has degrees in Engineering, including MS in Environmental Engineering and PhD in technical sciences.